Introduction: The Environmental Cost of Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is often praised for its brilliance, but behind the scenes, it has a massive carbon footprint. Training large language models like GPT, BERT, and Gemini consumes millions of kilowatt-hours of electricity and produces more CO₂ than five cars...

Introduction: AI is Smart — But Can We Understand It? From recommending what to watch on Netflix to diagnosing medical conditions, AI now influences decisions that affect lives. But there’s one major issue: we don’t always know how or why these AI systems make their decisions....

Introduction: From the Cloud to the Edge Until recently, most artificial intelligence applications relied heavily on centralized cloud processing. Whether you asked Siri a question, translated a language, or analyzed an image—your request traveled to a server, got processed, then returned a result. But that’s changing...

Introduction Imagine an AI with the capacity to “see,” “hear,” and “understand” across several formats—text, images, voice, and beyond. That’s the power of multimodal AI, an emerging frontier designed to mimic human-like comprehension across diverse data domains. By integrating multiple sensory inputs, these models open pathways...